369 research outputs found
Impact of Model Specification Decisions on Unit Root Tests
Performance of unit tests depends on several specification decisions prior to their application e.g., whether or not to include a deterministic trend. Since there is no standard procedure for making such decisions, therefore the practitioners routinely make several arbitrary specification decisions. In Monte Carlo studies, the design of DGP supports these decisions, but for real data, such specification decisions are often unjustifiable and sometimes incompatible with data. We argue that the problems posed by choice of initial specification are quite complex and the existing voluminous literature on this issue treats only certain superficial aspects of this choice. We also show how these initial specifications affect the performance of unit root tests and argue that Monte Carlo studies should include these preliminary decisions to arrive at a better yardstick for evaluating such tests.model specification, trend stationary, difference stationary
Most Stringent Test for Location Parameter of a Random Number from Cauchy Density
We study the test for location parameter of a random number from Cauchy density, focusing on point optimal tests. We develop analytical technique to compute critical values and power curve of a point optimal test. We study the power properties of various point optimal tests. The problem turned out to be different in its nature, in that, the critical value of a test determines the power properties of test. We found that if for given size ïĄ and any point ï±m in alternative space, if the critical value of a point optimal test is 1, the test optimal for that point is the most stringent test.Cauchy density, Power Envelop, Location Parameter, Stringent Test
Impact of Model Specification Decisions on Unit Root Tests
Performance of unit root tests depends on several specification decisions prior to their application, e.g., whether or not to include a deterministic trend. Since there is no standard procedure for making such decisions; therefore, the practitioners routinely make several arbitrary specification decisions. In Monte Carlo studies, the design of data generating process supports these decisions, but for real data, such specification decisions are often unjustifiable and sometimes incompatible with data. We argue that the problems posed by choice of initial specification are quite complex and the existing voluminous literature on this issue treats only certain superficial aspects of this choice. Outcomes of unit root tests are very sensitive to both choice and sequencing of these arbitrary specifications. This means that we can obtain results of our choice from unit root tests by varying these specifications.Model Specification, Trend Stationary, Difference Stationary
K. G. Karmakar. Rural Credit and Self-help GroupsâMicro-finance Needs and Concepts in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1999. 374 pages. Hardbound. India Rs 465.00.
Inadequacy of capital results in inefficient utilisation of
resources in the rural areas. It does not only impact negatively on
national economic growth but also proves to be instrumental in keeping
the poor trapped in poverty as formalised traditional capital markets
remain beyond the reach of the poor. In such cases, then,
micro-financing services offer the best solution to the aforementioned
problem. It is encouraging to note that micro-financing is being
recognised as a powerful tool in alleviating poverty and promoting
growth and development at the grassroots level
Suresh Chandra Babu and Ashok Gulati. Economic Reforms and Food Security: The Impact of Trade and Technology in South Asia. New York: Food Products Press, 2005. 483 pages. Price not given.
This book covers a wide range of issues relating to food
security (in order of hierarchy) including the globalisation and
liberalisation of trade, the WTO Agreement on Agriculture and
Intellectual Property Rights, market reforms, technological options,
diversification and research needs, water security, and household food
security. Further, recommendations are made to cope with challenges of
food insecurity. The authors emphasise the need of continuity of the
current trend of reforms and devising new policies for the agricultural,
food, and natural resources sectors. The issues of poverty, food
insecurity, and malnutrition are being faced across South Asia. These
are important not only on economic grounds but also on ethical grounds.
The volumeâs twenty one chapters, divided into seven parts, have been
contributed by twenty-nine experts. Part I discusses economic reforms,
trade, technology, and food security. The authors analyse food security
situation in the region in the longrun perspective and discuss policy
imperatives to cope with this challenge. Among the recommendations, are
the need for investment in human resources, improvement in rural
infrastructure, development of pro-poor technologies, and promotion of
regional cooperation
J. V. Vilanilam. More Effective Communication: A Manual for Professionals. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000. 238 pages. Paperback. Indian Rs 175.00.
The book under reviewââMore Effective Communication: A Manual
for Professionalsâ, is a good effort by J. V. Vilanilam and is a useful
addition to the modern literature on communication skills. J. V.
Vilanilamâs book is for professionals who need to make their
communication more effective, and is written in a simple and easily
understandable style. The reader finds some very useful ways to improve
his/her English for written/oral communication. The reader can gain an
insight into communication skills step by step with the help of
examples, diagrams, photographs, in-boxes exercises, etc. The appendices
also contain useful material about some words commonly confused and
identify their correct usage. The book is divided into seven chapters
and four appendices. Chapter One highlights the importance of
communication in the present era and explains the role of communication
and the importance of languages in the management of
organisations
Shirley A. White et al. The Art of Facilitating Participation: Realising the Power of Grassroots Communication. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1999. Indian Rs 250.00. 367 pages.
Participatory development has gained considerable recognition
and popularity in recent years as conventional approaches have been
unable to tackle the widening disparities between scarce resources and
endless needs and shorten the rich-poor gap. Their failure is traced to
lack of participation of the beneficiaries. Shirley A. White, the editor
of this volume, has used contributions from a number of authors who
describe their experience in facilitating participation through its
major components. The book is divided into three parts: the Art of
Activation, the Art of Technique, and the Art of Building Community. The
experiences of the authors are in a variety of areasâfrom facilitation
to synergising participation, from catalyst communication to
participatory rural communication appraisal, from participatory research
to the participatory action research, from participatory rural appraisal
to participatory learning, from the use of statistics in participatory
development to use of the Internet and community radio in rural
development, from role of women in agriculture to children in
participatory research and so on. The book also tells a number of
success and failure stories across the continents under world
organisations like the USAID, UNDP, FAO, UNICEF, WHO, UNESCO, SIDA and
others
Skill Shortage versus Subject Choice, Case of Pakistan
Higher Education is believed to be a very important determinant of economic growth. The growth can be optimized with a suitable combination of skills in various subjects. A mismatch between required combination of skills and available combination of skills carries heavy costs for developing economies since import of skill from foreign is much more in expensive for such economies. We compare skill shortage in Pakistan with the subjects choice of students recently enrolled in institutes of higher learning. We found that there is a mismatch between skill shortage and the enrollment trend. We propose that the Government should regulate recruitment of students into various subjects in order to create greater harmony between national needs and students enrollment.Subject Choice, Skill Shortage, National Needs
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